Low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness, and a sense of loss, grief, despair, unhappiness, and sorrow.
This has to do with sentiments of betrayal, as well as dread and shame at how they were treated as ISIS members and criminals.
2
Changing identities, they try to obscure themselves by keeping and concealing from people; in this sense, they use a scarf as a disguise in public places, including during treatment sessions.
This is due to societal stigma, preconceptions, and discrimination, as well as apprehension and shame about their past.
3
Stay vigilant and resist being arrested, humiliated, kidnapped, or degraded by individuals or armed forces.
This sensation is linked to feelings of protection and security, as well as the dread of being identified as a former ISIS member.
4
Consistent fear of being exposed for threatening, assaulting, and retaliating against the community.
This sensation is linked to feelings of protection and security, as well as the dread of being identified as a former member of ISIS.
5
Pessimists have the lowest degree of resilience and well-being since they feel helpless, hopeless, and that no one cares.
This symptom is typical in practically all psychiatric patients, but in ISIS cases, it refers to a loss of power, authority, and dignity, which leaves them without hope and unable to think about the future.
6
Passive personalities are unable to assert even their most fundamental rights.
because of social stigma and stereotypes, as well as feelings of humiliation, worthlessness, and undervaluation as a result of their identity
7
Long-standing skepticism and overall suspicion of others.
This is not a set idea, as paranoid delusions do, but rather a dread of their identities and the way others regard them, making them feel more exposed to harassment, intimidation, and arrest.
8
Aggression, outbursts, and impulsivity
They are hypersensitive and quickly insulted due to their sense of being guarded and distrustful, as well as stereotypes and prejudice.
9
Suicide ideation and self-destructive behaviour.
Because they have lost everything in life, including dignity, power, and authority, as well as any hope for the future.
10
Isolation and withdrawal from everyone and everything, including limited access to public venues like hospitals and community centers.
This is due to prejudice, stereotyping, and stigmatization, not because of lingering traumatic occurrences. Fear of community and how others treat them as ISIS members, on the other hand.
11
Self-blaming, self-flagellation, and a sense of being cut off from reality and trapped in nightmares.
due to guilt, a shattered sense of dignity, and a life in a precarious position due to a lack of assets
12
Nightmares, insomnia, and sleep problems are all common.
Rather than the other cases, their nightmares feature war-related signals, weapon sounds, and occasionally dreams of incarceration, degradation, and humiliation.
13
They are ignorant, wounded inside, lonely, and disconnected from society.
This perception was based on a comparison between their previous and current circumstances, in which they had power, authority, and property but no longer did.
14
Extreme feelings of social panic and social stigma.
This symptom is caused by a sense of unlikeness, dissimilarity, and how people perceive them as adversaries, rather than a fear of becoming the focus of attention, as persons with social anxiety disorder do.
15
Stay at home as much as possible and only go outside at special times.
Feeling insecure and uncomfortable.
16
There is an excessive amount of family worry among people with male children and adolescents.
because they believe that having a male teenager, makes them more subject to being imprisoned, murdered, and armed by the community.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
