Effects of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Intramuscular Injection, Copper Intrauterine Device and Levonorgestrel Implant Contraception on Estradiol Levels: An Ancillary Study of the ECHO Randomized Trial
Rebecca Ryan, et al.
Introduction Hormonal contraception has complex effects on users’ endocrine systems. Apart from the direct effects of the exogenous contraceptive hormones, circulating levels of endogenous sex steroid hormones are modified. It…