Introduction Direct current (DC)-electroencephalography (EEG) shifts can be observed during various pathophysiological states such as cerebral hypoxia, spreading depolarization (SD), and epileptic seizures, as well as during alterations to the…

Materials and methods In a prospective, double-blinded randomized trial, 80 patients were recruited for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification after the approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent.…

Introduction Each year, an estimated six millions of children, including 1.5 million infants, are exposed to general anesthesia during the course of surgery, imaging, and other medical procedures in the…

In this retrospective study, we examined the clinical characteristics of patients who experienced unplanned ICU admission from the PACU and the ward. Several studies have investigated the clinical characteristics or…

Data collection This was an IRB-approved study at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. Children who underwent adenotonsillectomies were identified through our anesthesia electronic medical record from January 1, 2009, to December…

Introduction The aging population has become a focus of society as a whole, and with the advent of an aging society and advances in surgical techniques and anesthesia management, more…

Introduction Spinal anesthesia is popularly applied for cesarean section due to high-quality anesthesia and no inhibitory effect of general anesthetics on the fetus (1, 2). Unfortunately, there is a high…

The Human Studies Committee of the University of Louisville approved this retrospective case–control study and waived individual participant informed consent (IRB #20.0673). Institutional safeguards to maintain privacy, data security and…

Ethical approval of the study protocol Ethical approval for this study (Ethical Committee number: 1650) was provided by the Ethical Committee of Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan…

A 47-year-old man presented with severe heart failure with NYHA III. He had MELAS syndrome due to a point mutation in mitochondrial DNA (3243A → G). His physical features included short stature…